The general rule of thumb is that anything that needs to get routed (has some type of workflow), like time sheets and expense reports will also get posted when the routing process is complete--when the TORouter runs. There are a few items that get updated when the action occurs, like archiving a project. Everything else gets updated when the agent runs. Also, some information regarding actuals gets posted back to the Project Overview document when the agent portion runs.
The following tables are touched when the agent runs:
PROJECTS
CUSTOMERS
EMPLOYEES
BUDGETS
ACTIVITIES
TASKS
RESOURCE_AVAILABILITY
TRACKERGL
ISSUES
PROJECTS_EXT